Biblical Languages

Collection I

Hebrew Terms

Biblical Hebrew is compact, concrete, and often layered. A single word may carry a range of meanings that must be resolved by grammar, context, parallel passages, and historical usage. These entries are designed as museum reference points, not one-word proof texts.

How to read this collectionOriginal script is shown first, followed by transliteration, a simple pronunciation guide, primary meaning, selected KJV passages, and a museum note that separates lexical fact from interpretation.

אOriginal ScriptThe form visitors would encounter in the Hebrew textual tradition.

↔Semantic RangeMany biblical words have more than one valid sense depending on context.

§Scripture AnchorRepresentative KJV passages provide the controlling literary context.

◎Museum CautionEtymology can illuminate a word, but it does not automatically determine its meaning in every verse.

YHWH Elohim Adam Ruach Nephesh Nephilim Gibborim Rephaim Sheol Giants & Nephilim

Feature	What it means for the visitor
Root-based vocabulary	Many Hebrew words are built from consonantal roots. Related forms may share an idea without being identical in meaning.
Context-sensitive meaning	A translation should be tested against the sentence, surrounding passage, and wider biblical usage.
Poetic parallelism	Psalms and prophetic books often clarify meaning by pairing or contrasting terms.
Names and wordplay	Biblical narratives sometimes explain or echo the sound of a person or place name, but not every similar sound establishes an etymology.

יהוה

Divine Name

YHWH / Yahweh

Transliteration: YHWH

Meaning: The four-letter personal name of the God of Israel.
Selected KJV Passages: Genesis 2:4; Exodus 3:15; Exodus 6:3
Translation Practice: Traditionally represented as LORD in small capitals in many English Bibles.
Museum Note: The consonants are certain. The precise ancient vocalization is not preserved with complete certainty, and “Yahweh” is a common scholarly reconstruction.

Permanent anchor: #term-yahweh

אֱלֹהִים

Divine Title

Elohim

Transliteration: ʾElohim

Basic Sense: God, gods, or divine beings, with the intended sense determined by context and grammar.
Selected KJV Passages: Genesis 1:1; Exodus 20:3; Psalm 82:1
Important Feature: When referring to the God of Israel, the grammatically plural form commonly takes singular verbs or modifiers.
Museum Note: The form alone does not establish how many beings are intended. Syntax and context control the reading.

Permanent anchor: #term-elohim

אָדָם

Humanity / Proper Name

Adam

Transliteration: ʾadam

Semantic Range: Man, mankind, humanity, and in specific contexts the proper name Adam.
Selected KJV Passages: Genesis 1:26; Genesis 2:7; Genesis 5:1-2
Word Association: Genesis places adam beside adamah, ground or soil, producing a deliberate literary relationship.
Museum Note: Visitors should distinguish the generic noun from the personal name according to context.

Permanent anchor: #term-adam

רוּחַ

Spirit / Wind / Breath

Ruach

Transliteration: ruach

Semantic Range: Spirit, wind, breath, disposition, or life-force imagery depending on the passage.
Selected KJV Passages: Genesis 1:2; Genesis 8:1; Ezekiel 37:9-14
Why It Matters: The same Hebrew word can refer to moving air, a human spirit, or the Spirit of God.
Museum Note: Context, not English similarity, determines which sense is intended.

Permanent anchor: #term-ruach

נֶפֶשׁ

Life / Person / Soul

Nephesh

Transliteration: nephesh

Semantic Range: Living being, life, person, self, appetite, or soul.
Selected KJV Passages: Genesis 2:7; Genesis 9:4; Leviticus 17:11
Translation Caution: The English word “soul” can sound more narrowly philosophical than the Hebrew term functions in many passages.
Museum Note: In Genesis 2:7 the man becomes a “living soul,” using language also connected with living creatures elsewhere.

Permanent anchor: #term-nephesh

שְׁאוֹל

Realm of the Dead

Sheol

Transliteration: sheol

Common KJV Renderings: Grave, hell, and pit, depending on context.
Selected KJV Passages: Genesis 37:35; Job 14:13; Psalm 16:10
Why It Matters: One Hebrew term can appear under several English renderings, so word study helps visitors compare passages that English readers may not immediately connect.
Museum Note: Theological conclusions should be built from the complete biblical usage rather than a single English gloss.

Permanent anchor: #term-sheol

Creation & Cosmos

בָּרָא

Creation & Cosmos

Bara

Transliteration: bara

Core Meaning: create
Selected KJV Passages: Genesis 1:1; Genesis 1:21; Isaiah 45:12
Language & Context: A verb especially associated with divine creative activity; context determines whether emphasis falls on origination, formation, or bringing about a new condition.
Study Caution: Use the immediate sentence, grammar, and wider biblical usage to determine the intended sense; an English gloss does not exhaust the Hebrew term.

Permanent anchor: #term-bara

עָשָׂה

Creation & Cosmos

Asah

Transliteration: asah

Core Meaning: do, make, accomplish
Selected KJV Passages: Genesis 1:7; Genesis 1:16; Exodus 20:11
Language & Context: A very common verb with a broader range than bara. It can describe making, doing, appointing, producing, or accomplishing.
Study Caution: Use the immediate sentence, grammar, and wider biblical usage to determine the intended sense; an English gloss does not exhaust the Hebrew term.

Permanent anchor: #term-asah

שָׁמַיִם

Creation & Cosmos

Shamayim

Transliteration: shamayim

Core Meaning: heavens, sky
Selected KJV Passages: Genesis 1:1; Psalm 19:1; Isaiah 66:1
Language & Context: Depending on context, the term can denote the visible sky, the heavens above, or the heavenly realm.
Study Caution: Use the immediate sentence, grammar, and wider biblical usage to determine the intended sense; an English gloss does not exhaust the Hebrew term.

Permanent anchor: #term-shamayim

אֶרֶץ

Creation & Cosmos

Erets

Transliteration: erets

Core Meaning: earth, land, territory
Selected KJV Passages: Genesis 1:1; Genesis 12:1; Exodus 20:11
Language & Context: The same noun may mean the earth broadly or a particular land or territory. Geography and syntax decide the scope.
Study Caution: Use the immediate sentence, grammar, and wider biblical usage to determine the intended sense; an English gloss does not exhaust the Hebrew term.

Permanent anchor: #term-erets

תְּהוֹם

Creation & Cosmos

Tehom

Transliteration: tehom

Core Meaning: deep, primeval deep
Selected KJV Passages: Genesis 1:2; Genesis 7:11; Psalm 104:6
Language & Context: Used for deep waters and the watery deep. Genesis 7:11 uses the term in the Flood account in the phrase “fountains of the great deep.”
Study Caution: Use the immediate sentence, grammar, and wider biblical usage to determine the intended sense; an English gloss does not exhaust the Hebrew term.

Permanent anchor: #term-tehom

רָקִיעַ

Creation & Cosmos

Raqia

Transliteration: raqia

Core Meaning: firmament, expanse
Selected KJV Passages: Genesis 1:6-8; Psalm 19:1; Ezekiel 1:22
Language & Context: Derived from a verb associated with spreading or beating out. The KJV regularly renders it “firmament.”
Study Caution: Use the immediate sentence, grammar, and wider biblical usage to determine the intended sense; an English gloss does not exhaust the Hebrew term.

Permanent anchor: #term-raqia

אוֹר

Creation & Cosmos

Or

Transliteration: or

Core Meaning: light
Selected KJV Passages: Genesis 1:3; Psalm 27:1; Isaiah 60:1
Language & Context: Used literally for light and figuratively for life, salvation, favor, and revelation.
Study Caution: Use the immediate sentence, grammar, and wider biblical usage to determine the intended sense; an English gloss does not exhaust the Hebrew term.

Permanent anchor: #term-or

יוֹם

Creation & Cosmos

Yom

Transliteration: yom

Core Meaning: day, daytime, time
Selected KJV Passages: Genesis 1:5; Genesis 2:4; Exodus 20:11
Language & Context: Its range includes daylight, a calendar day, and broader time expressions. Immediate grammatical and narrative context controls the sense.
Study Caution: Use the immediate sentence, grammar, and wider biblical usage to determine the intended sense; an English gloss does not exhaust the Hebrew term.

Permanent anchor: #term-yom

לַיְלָה

Creation & Cosmos

Laylah

Transliteration: laylah

Core Meaning: night
Selected KJV Passages: Genesis 1:5; Genesis 14:15; Psalm 19:2
Language & Context: The ordinary Hebrew noun for night, used in both chronological statements and poetic imagery.
Study Caution: Use the immediate sentence, grammar, and wider biblical usage to determine the intended sense; an English gloss does not exhaust the Hebrew term.

Permanent anchor: #term-laylah

מַיִם

Creation & Cosmos

Mayim

Transliteration: mayim

Core Meaning: water, waters
Selected KJV Passages: Genesis 1:2; Genesis 7:17; Exodus 14:21
Language & Context: A grammatically plural-form noun used throughout creation, Flood, wilderness, purification, and poetic texts.
Study Caution: Use the immediate sentence, grammar, and wider biblical usage to determine the intended sense; an English gloss does not exhaust the Hebrew term.

Permanent anchor: #term-mayim

יָם

Creation & Cosmos

Yam

Transliteration: yam

Core Meaning: sea, large body of water
Selected KJV Passages: Genesis 1:10; Exodus 14:2; Psalm 104:25
Language & Context: Can name the sea generally, a specific sea, or function geographically for the west in some expressions.
Study Caution: Use the immediate sentence, grammar, and wider biblical usage to determine the intended sense; an English gloss does not exhaust the Hebrew term.

Permanent anchor: #term-yam

אֲדָמָה

Creation & Cosmos

Adamah

Transliteration: adamah

Core Meaning: ground, soil, land
Selected KJV Passages: Genesis 2:7; Genesis 3:19; Genesis 4:10
Language & Context: Closely associated in Genesis with adam, humanity. The narrative repeatedly links human life, cultivation, curse, and return to the ground.
Study Caution: Use the immediate sentence, grammar, and wider biblical usage to determine the intended sense; an English gloss does not exhaust the Hebrew term.

Permanent anchor: #term-adamah

Humanity & Life

צֶלֶם

Humanity & Life

Tselem

Transliteration: tselem

Core Meaning: image, representation
Selected KJV Passages: Genesis 1:26-27; Genesis 5:3; Genesis 9:6
Language & Context: Central to the “image of God” language. Elsewhere the noun can denote an image or representation, so Genesis gives it a distinctive theological setting.
Study Caution: Use the immediate sentence, grammar, and wider biblical usage to determine the intended sense; an English gloss does not exhaust the Hebrew term.

Permanent anchor: #term-tselem

דְּמוּת

Humanity & Life

Demut

Transliteration: demut

Core Meaning: likeness, resemblance
Selected KJV Passages: Genesis 1:26; Genesis 5:1; Ezekiel 1:5
Language & Context: Often marks resemblance or likeness. Ezekiel repeatedly uses it when describing visionary correspondences without claiming identity.
Study Caution: Use the immediate sentence, grammar, and wider biblical usage to determine the intended sense; an English gloss does not exhaust the Hebrew term.

Permanent anchor: #term-demut

בָּשָׂר

Humanity & Life

Basar

Transliteration: basar

Core Meaning: flesh, body, humankind
Selected KJV Passages: Genesis 2:21; Genesis 6:3; Isaiah 40:6
Language & Context: Can refer to bodily flesh, living creatures, kinship, or humanity collectively. “All flesh” often has a broad creaturely sense.
Study Caution: Use the immediate sentence, grammar, and wider biblical usage to determine the intended sense; an English gloss does not exhaust the Hebrew term.

Permanent anchor: #term-basar

דָּם

Humanity & Life

Dam

Transliteration: dam

Core Meaning: blood
Selected KJV Passages: Genesis 4:10; Genesis 9:4; Leviticus 17:11
Language & Context: Blood is associated with life and becomes central to homicide law, sacrifice, covenant, and atonement imagery.
Study Caution: Use the immediate sentence, grammar, and wider biblical usage to determine the intended sense; an English gloss does not exhaust the Hebrew term.

Permanent anchor: #term-dam

לֵב

Humanity & Life

Lev

Transliteration: lev

Core Meaning: heart, inner person
Selected KJV Passages: Genesis 6:5; Deuteronomy 6:5; 1 Samuel 16:7
Language & Context: Hebrew “heart” can encompass thought, intention, will, emotion, and moral disposition, not emotion alone.
Study Caution: Use the immediate sentence, grammar, and wider biblical usage to determine the intended sense; an English gloss does not exhaust the Hebrew term.

Permanent anchor: #term-lev

חַי

Humanity & Life

Chay

Transliteration: chay

Core Meaning: living, alive
Selected KJV Passages: Genesis 2:7; Genesis 3:20; Joshua 3:10
Language & Context: An adjective and noun family associated with life and living beings; appears in titles such as “the living God.”
Study Caution: Use the immediate sentence, grammar, and wider biblical usage to determine the intended sense; an English gloss does not exhaust the Hebrew term.

Permanent anchor: #term-chay

חַיִּים

Humanity & Life

Chayyim

Transliteration: chayyim

Core Meaning: life, lives
Selected KJV Passages: Genesis 2:9; Deuteronomy 30:19; Proverbs 3:18
Language & Context: A plural-form noun commonly used for life. It appears in the “tree of life” and in covenantal choices between life and death.
Study Caution: Use the immediate sentence, grammar, and wider biblical usage to determine the intended sense; an English gloss does not exhaust the Hebrew term.

Permanent anchor: #term-chayyim

Covenant & Law

בְּרִית

Covenant & Law

Berit

Transliteration: berit

Core Meaning: covenant
Selected KJV Passages: Genesis 6:18; Genesis 15:18; Exodus 24:8
Language & Context: A binding covenantal relationship or agreement. Scripture uses it for divine covenants and human agreements, with context defining parties and obligations.
Study Caution: Use the immediate sentence, grammar, and wider biblical usage to determine the intended sense; an English gloss does not exhaust the Hebrew term.

Permanent anchor: #term-berit

תּוֹרָה

Covenant & Law

Torah

Transliteration: torah

Core Meaning: instruction, law
Selected KJV Passages: Exodus 12:49; Deuteronomy 4:44; Psalm 1:2
Language & Context: Derived from a teaching/instruction family. “Law” is traditional, but many contexts emphasize instruction given for ordered covenant life.
Study Caution: Use the immediate sentence, grammar, and wider biblical usage to determine the intended sense; an English gloss does not exhaust the Hebrew term.

Permanent anchor: #term-torah

מִצְוָה

Covenant & Law

Mitsvah

Transliteration: mitsvah

Core Meaning: commandment
Selected KJV Passages: Exodus 24:12; Deuteronomy 6:1; Proverbs 6:23
Language & Context: A command or charge. The plural mitzvot refers to commandments collectively.
Study Caution: Use the immediate sentence, grammar, and wider biblical usage to determine the intended sense; an English gloss does not exhaust the Hebrew term.

Permanent anchor: #term-mitsvah

מִשְׁפָּט

Covenant & Law

Mishpat

Transliteration: mishpat

Core Meaning: judgment, justice, ordinance
Selected KJV Passages: Genesis 18:19; Exodus 21:1; Micah 6:8
Language & Context: Can refer to a judicial decision, legal ordinance, justice, or rightful order. It is a major covenant and prophetic term.
Study Caution: Use the immediate sentence, grammar, and wider biblical usage to determine the intended sense; an English gloss does not exhaust the Hebrew term.

Permanent anchor: #term-mishpat

צֶדֶק

Covenant & Law

Tsedeq

Transliteration: tsedeq

Core Meaning: righteousness, rightness
Selected KJV Passages: Leviticus 19:36; Psalm 89:14; Isaiah 1:21
Language & Context: Describes what is right, just, or in proper order. Related forms are frequently paired with justice.
Study Caution: Use the immediate sentence, grammar, and wider biblical usage to determine the intended sense; an English gloss does not exhaust the Hebrew term.

Permanent anchor: #term-tsedeq

חֶסֶד

Covenant & Law

Hesed

Transliteration: hesed

Core Meaning: steadfast love, mercy, covenant loyalty
Selected KJV Passages: Exodus 34:6; Ruth 3:10; Psalm 136:1
Language & Context: A rich relational term translated with words such as mercy, kindness, and lovingkindness. Covenant loyalty is often central to its force.
Study Caution: Use the immediate sentence, grammar, and wider biblical usage to determine the intended sense; an English gloss does not exhaust the Hebrew term.

Permanent anchor: #term-hesed

אֱמֶת

Covenant & Law

Emet

Transliteration: emet

Core Meaning: truth, faithfulness, reliability
Selected KJV Passages: Exodus 34:6; Psalm 25:5; Proverbs 12:19
Language & Context: Can denote truthfulness, firmness, reliability, or faithfulness. It often appears beside hesed.
Study Caution: Use the immediate sentence, grammar, and wider biblical usage to determine the intended sense; an English gloss does not exhaust the Hebrew term.

Permanent anchor: #term-emet

שָׁלוֹם

Covenant & Law

Shalom

Transliteration: shalom

Core Meaning: peace, wholeness, well-being
Selected KJV Passages: Genesis 29:6; Numbers 6:26; Isaiah 9:6
Language & Context: Broader than absence of conflict. It can describe welfare, completeness, safety, health, and restored order.
Study Caution: Use the immediate sentence, grammar, and wider biblical usage to determine the intended sense; an English gloss does not exhaust the Hebrew term.

Permanent anchor: #term-shalom

Worship & Temple

קָדוֹשׁ

Worship & Temple

Qadosh

Transliteration: qadosh

Core Meaning: holy, set apart
Selected KJV Passages: Exodus 19:6; Leviticus 19:2; Isaiah 6:3
Language & Context: Describes holiness or consecrated status. Applied supremely to God and derivatively to people, places, times, and objects set apart to Him.
Study Caution: Use the immediate sentence, grammar, and wider biblical usage to determine the intended sense; an English gloss does not exhaust the Hebrew term.

Permanent anchor: #term-qadosh

קֹדֶשׁ

Worship & Temple

Qodesh

Transliteration: qodesh

Core Meaning: holiness, holy thing/place
Selected KJV Passages: Exodus 3:5; Exodus 26:33; Leviticus 10:10
Language & Context: A noun for holiness or what is holy. The phrase “holy of holies” uses an intensified Hebrew construction.
Study Caution: Use the immediate sentence, grammar, and wider biblical usage to determine the intended sense; an English gloss does not exhaust the Hebrew term.

Permanent anchor: #term-qodesh

מִשְׁכָּן

Worship & Temple

Mishkan

Transliteration: mishkan

Core Meaning: tabernacle, dwelling place
Selected KJV Passages: Exodus 25:9; Exodus 40:34; Numbers 9:15
Language & Context: From a root associated with dwelling. It is the standard designation for the wilderness Tabernacle as God’s dwelling among Israel.
Study Caution: Use the immediate sentence, grammar, and wider biblical usage to determine the intended sense; an English gloss does not exhaust the Hebrew term.

Permanent anchor: #term-mishkan

הֵיכָל

Worship & Temple

Hekal

Transliteration: hekal

Core Meaning: temple, palace
Selected KJV Passages: 1 Samuel 1:9; 1 Kings 6:3; Psalm 11:4
Language & Context: Can refer to a palace or temple. Context determines whether the royal or sacred building is intended.
Study Caution: Use the immediate sentence, grammar, and wider biblical usage to determine the intended sense; an English gloss does not exhaust the Hebrew term.

Permanent anchor: #term-hekal

מִזְבֵּחַ

Worship & Temple

Mizbeach

Transliteration: mizbeach

Core Meaning: altar
Selected KJV Passages: Genesis 8:20; Exodus 27:1; 1 Kings 18:30
Language & Context: From the sacrifice/slaughter word family. Altars mark worship, sacrifice, covenant events, and at times apostasy.
Study Caution: Use the immediate sentence, grammar, and wider biblical usage to determine the intended sense; an English gloss does not exhaust the Hebrew term.

Permanent anchor: #term-mizbeach

כֹּהֵן

Worship & Temple

Kohen

Transliteration: kohen

Core Meaning: priest
Selected KJV Passages: Genesis 14:18; Exodus 28:1; Leviticus 8:2
Language & Context: The standard Hebrew noun for priest. It is used of Israelite priests and also priests outside Israel in historical narratives.
Study Caution: Use the immediate sentence, grammar, and wider biblical usage to determine the intended sense; an English gloss does not exhaust the Hebrew term.

Permanent anchor: #term-kohen

כִּפֻּר

Worship & Temple

Kippur

Transliteration: kippur

Core Meaning: atonement, expiation
Selected KJV Passages: Leviticus 16:29-34; Leviticus 23:27
Language & Context: Best known from Yom Kippur, the Day of Atonement. Related forms describe making atonement or purgation in ritual contexts.
Study Caution: Use the immediate sentence, grammar, and wider biblical usage to determine the intended sense; an English gloss does not exhaust the Hebrew term.

Permanent anchor: #term-kippur

קָרְבָּן

Worship & Temple

Korban

Transliteration: korban

Core Meaning: offering, gift brought near
Selected KJV Passages: Leviticus 1:2; Leviticus 2:1; Numbers 7:3
Language & Context: A general offering term from a root meaning to approach or bring near. Specific sacrificial types have their own names.
Study Caution: Use the immediate sentence, grammar, and wider biblical usage to determine the intended sense; an English gloss does not exhaust the Hebrew term.

Permanent anchor: #term-korban

עֹלָה

Worship & Temple

Olah

Transliteration: olah

Core Meaning: burnt offering
Selected KJV Passages: Genesis 8:20; Leviticus 1:3; 1 Samuel 7:9
Language & Context: The offering that “goes up,” traditionally associated with what ascends in smoke and is wholly offered on the altar.
Study Caution: Use the immediate sentence, grammar, and wider biblical usage to determine the intended sense; an English gloss does not exhaust the Hebrew term.

Permanent anchor: #term-olah

Sin, Judgment & Salvation

חַטָּאת

Sin, Judgment & Salvation

Chattaat

Transliteration: chattaat

Core Meaning: sin; sin offering
Selected KJV Passages: Genesis 4:7; Leviticus 4:3; Psalm 51:5
Language & Context: Depending on context, the noun can denote sin itself or the purification/sin offering associated with dealing with sin.
Study Caution: Use the immediate sentence, grammar, and wider biblical usage to determine the intended sense; an English gloss does not exhaust the Hebrew term.

Permanent anchor: #term-chattaat

עָוֹן

Sin, Judgment & Salvation

Avon

Transliteration: avon

Core Meaning: iniquity, guilt, punishment
Selected KJV Passages: Genesis 4:13; Exodus 34:7; Isaiah 53:6
Language & Context: Can refer to crooked wrongdoing, the guilt it creates, or consequences borne for it. Translation varies by context.
Study Caution: Use the immediate sentence, grammar, and wider biblical usage to determine the intended sense; an English gloss does not exhaust the Hebrew term.

Permanent anchor: #term-avon

פֶּשַׁע

Sin, Judgment & Salvation

Pesha

Transliteration: pesha

Core Meaning: transgression, rebellion
Selected KJV Passages: Genesis 31:36; Isaiah 1:2; Micah 7:18
Language & Context: Often carries the sense of revolt or breach of relationship, making it stronger than a generic mistake.
Study Caution: Use the immediate sentence, grammar, and wider biblical usage to determine the intended sense; an English gloss does not exhaust the Hebrew term.

Permanent anchor: #term-pesha

שׁוּב

Sin, Judgment & Salvation

Shuv

Transliteration: shuv

Core Meaning: turn, return, restore
Selected KJV Passages: Genesis 3:19; Deuteronomy 30:2; Joel 2:12
Language & Context: A common movement verb that becomes central to repentance language: turning or returning to God.
Study Caution: Use the immediate sentence, grammar, and wider biblical usage to determine the intended sense; an English gloss does not exhaust the Hebrew term.

Permanent anchor: #term-shuv

יְשׁוּעָה

Sin, Judgment & Salvation

Yeshuah

Transliteration: yeshuah

Core Meaning: salvation, deliverance
Selected KJV Passages: Exodus 14:13; Psalm 3:8; Isaiah 12:2
Language & Context: Denotes rescue, deliverance, or salvation. It belongs to the same broad word family as the name Yeshua.
Study Caution: Use the immediate sentence, grammar, and wider biblical usage to determine the intended sense; an English gloss does not exhaust the Hebrew term.

Permanent anchor: #term-yeshuah

גֹּאֵל

Sin, Judgment & Salvation

Goel

Transliteration: goel

Core Meaning: redeemer, kinsman-redeemer
Selected KJV Passages: Leviticus 25:25; Ruth 4:4; Isaiah 44:6
Language & Context: A participial form from the redeem/reclaim family. It can describe a family redeemer and is also used of God as Israel’s Redeemer.
Study Caution: Use the immediate sentence, grammar, and wider biblical usage to determine the intended sense; an English gloss does not exhaust the Hebrew term.

Permanent anchor: #term-goel

מָשִׁיחַ

Sin, Judgment & Salvation

Mashiach

Transliteration: mashiach

Core Meaning: anointed one
Selected KJV Passages: Leviticus 4:3; 1 Samuel 24:6; Daniel 9:25
Language & Context: Literally an anointed person. It can refer to priests or kings; later messianic expectation draws on the wider biblical pattern.
Study Caution: Use the immediate sentence, grammar, and wider biblical usage to determine the intended sense; an English gloss does not exhaust the Hebrew term.

Permanent anchor: #term-mashiach

Kingship, Prophecy & Spiritual Beings

מֶלֶךְ

Kingship, Prophecy & Spiritual Beings

Melek

Transliteration: melek

Core Meaning: king
Selected KJV Passages: Genesis 14:1; Deuteronomy 17:14; 1 Samuel 8:5
Language & Context: The ordinary word for king. Biblical theology applies royal language both to human rulers and to God.
Study Caution: Use the immediate sentence, grammar, and wider biblical usage to determine the intended sense; an English gloss does not exhaust the Hebrew term.

Permanent anchor: #term-melek

מַלְכוּת

Kingship, Prophecy & Spiritual Beings

Malkut

Transliteration: malkut

Core Meaning: kingdom, kingship, royal rule
Selected KJV Passages: 1 Samuel 20:31; Psalm 145:13; Daniel 9:1
Language & Context: Can emphasize realm, reign, sovereignty, or royal office rather than territory alone.
Study Caution: Use the immediate sentence, grammar, and wider biblical usage to determine the intended sense; an English gloss does not exhaust the Hebrew term.

Permanent anchor: #term-malkut

נָבִיא

Kingship, Prophecy & Spiritual Beings

Navi

Transliteration: navi

Core Meaning: prophet
Selected KJV Passages: Genesis 20:7; Exodus 7:1; Deuteronomy 18:18
Language & Context: The principal Hebrew designation for a prophet, one commissioned to speak a divine message.
Study Caution: Use the immediate sentence, grammar, and wider biblical usage to determine the intended sense; an English gloss does not exhaust the Hebrew term.

Permanent anchor: #term-navi

מַלְאָךְ

Kingship, Prophecy & Spiritual Beings

Malakh

Transliteration: malakh

Core Meaning: messenger, angel
Selected KJV Passages: Genesis 16:7; Genesis 32:3; Exodus 23:20
Language & Context: Means messenger. Context determines whether the messenger is human or heavenly; English “angel” can obscure that shared function.
Study Caution: Use the immediate sentence, grammar, and wider biblical usage to determine the intended sense; an English gloss does not exhaust the Hebrew term.

Permanent anchor: #term-malakh

שָׂטָן

Kingship, Prophecy & Spiritual Beings

Satan

Transliteration: satan

Core Meaning: adversary, accuser
Selected KJV Passages: Numbers 22:22; Job 1:6; Zechariah 3:1
Language & Context: Can function as a common noun for an adversary and, in particular contexts, as a designation for the supernatural accuser.
Study Caution: Use the immediate sentence, grammar, and wider biblical usage to determine the intended sense; an English gloss does not exhaust the Hebrew term.

Permanent anchor: #term-satan

שְׂרָפִים

Kingship, Prophecy & Spiritual Beings

Seraphim

Transliteration: seraphim

Core Meaning: seraphim, burning ones
Selected KJV Passages: Isaiah 6:2; Isaiah 6:6
Language & Context: The plural designation for the throne-room beings in Isaiah 6. Related lexical forms elsewhere refer to burning or fiery serpents.
Study Caution: Use the immediate sentence, grammar, and wider biblical usage to determine the intended sense; an English gloss does not exhaust the Hebrew term.

Permanent anchor: #term-seraphim

כְּרוּבִים

Kingship, Prophecy & Spiritual Beings

Keruvim

Transliteration: keruvim

Core Meaning: cherubim
Selected KJV Passages: Genesis 3:24; Exodus 25:18; Ezekiel 10:1
Language & Context: Heavenly throne/guardian beings associated with Eden, the ark, the sanctuary, and Ezekiel’s visions.
Study Caution: Use the immediate sentence, grammar, and wider biblical usage to determine the intended sense; an English gloss does not exhaust the Hebrew term.

Permanent anchor: #term-keruvim

צָבָא

Kingship, Prophecy & Spiritual Beings

Tsava

Transliteration: tsava

Core Meaning: host, army, service
Selected KJV Passages: Genesis 2:1; Exodus 12:41; 1 Samuel 1:3
Language & Context: Can mean an army, organized host, or service. In the divine title “LORD of hosts,” it contributes military and cosmic kingship imagery.
Study Caution: Use the immediate sentence, grammar, and wider biblical usage to determine the intended sense; an English gloss does not exhaust the Hebrew term.

Permanent anchor: #term-tsava

Death & Afterlife

מָוֶת

Death & Afterlife

Mavet

Transliteration: mavet

Core Meaning: death
Selected KJV Passages: Genesis 21:16; Deuteronomy 30:19; Psalm 23:4
Language & Context: The standard noun for death, used literally and poetically and often contrasted with chayyim, life.
Study Caution: Use the immediate sentence, grammar, and wider biblical usage to determine the intended sense; an English gloss does not exhaust the Hebrew term.

Permanent anchor: #term-mavet

קֶבֶר

Death & Afterlife

Qeber

Transliteration: qeber

Core Meaning: grave, tomb
Selected KJV Passages: Genesis 23:4; Genesis 35:20; 2 Kings 23:16
Language & Context: A physical grave or burial place. It should be distinguished lexically from Sheol even though English translations can overlap.
Study Caution: Use the immediate sentence, grammar, and wider biblical usage to determine the intended sense; an English gloss does not exhaust the Hebrew term.

Permanent anchor: #term-qeber

בּוֹר

Death & Afterlife

Bor

Transliteration: bor

Core Meaning: pit, cistern, dungeon
Selected KJV Passages: Genesis 37:20; Psalm 40:2; Jeremiah 38:6
Language & Context: A literal pit or cistern that can also become imagery for danger, confinement, or descent toward death.
Study Caution: Use the immediate sentence, grammar, and wider biblical usage to determine the intended sense; an English gloss does not exhaust the Hebrew term.

Permanent anchor: #term-bor

Special Study Collection

Giants & Nephilim Terminology

A concentrated lexical collection for the peoples, individuals, measurements, and descriptive terms that shape the Bible’s giant traditions. The cards distinguish actual lexical meanings from later interpretive associations.

Nephilim Gibbor Rephaim Anakim Anak Emim Zamzummim Rapha Og Arba Goliath Ish ha-Benayim Qomah Ammah Zeret

נְפִילִים

Giants & Nephilim

Nephilim

Transliteration: nephilim

Core Meaning: Nephilim; rare named group
Selected KJV Passages: Genesis 6:4; Numbers 13:33
Language & Context: Only two biblical passages use the noun. Because the corpus is so small, its interpretation must weigh both contexts, ancient translations, and the surrounding giant-clan traditions.
Study Caution: Use the immediate sentence, grammar, and wider biblical usage to determine the intended sense; an English gloss does not exhaust the Hebrew term.

Permanent anchor: #term-nephilim

גִּבּוֹר

Giants & Nephilim

Gibbor

Transliteration: gibbor

Core Meaning: mighty man, warrior, champion
Selected KJV Passages: Genesis 6:4; Genesis 10:8; 1 Samuel 17:51
Language & Context: A broad term of might or martial prowess. It does not inherently mean giant, although Genesis 6 places its plural form in the Nephilim context.
Study Caution: Use the immediate sentence, grammar, and wider biblical usage to determine the intended sense; an English gloss does not exhaust the Hebrew term.

Permanent anchor: #term-gibbor

רְפָאִים

Giants & Nephilim

Rephaim

Transliteration: rephaim

Core Meaning: Rephaim; ancient people / shades
Selected KJV Passages: Genesis 14:5; Deuteronomy 3:11; Isaiah 14:9
Language & Context: Historical prose uses the name for ancient peoples, while poetry can use the same consonantal form for departed shades. Those contexts should be distinguished before proposing a relationship.
Study Caution: Use the immediate sentence, grammar, and wider biblical usage to determine the intended sense; an English gloss does not exhaust the Hebrew term.

Permanent anchor: #term-rephaim

עֲנָקִים

Giants & Nephilim

Anakim

Transliteration: anakim

Core Meaning: descendants of Anak
Selected KJV Passages: Numbers 13:33; Deuteronomy 1:28; Joshua 11:21
Language & Context: A people associated with exceptional stature and with Anak. Israelite reports connect them with the Nephilim tradition in Numbers 13:33.
Study Caution: Use the immediate sentence, grammar, and wider biblical usage to determine the intended sense; an English gloss does not exhaust the Hebrew term.

Permanent anchor: #term-anakim

עֲנָק

Giants & Nephilim

Anak

Transliteration: anak

Core Meaning: Anak; ancestral name
Selected KJV Passages: Numbers 13:22; Joshua 15:13; Judges 1:20
Language & Context: The ancestral figure from whom the Anakim take their name. Ahiman, Sheshai, and Talmai are identified as descendants/children associated with Anak.
Study Caution: Use the immediate sentence, grammar, and wider biblical usage to determine the intended sense; an English gloss does not exhaust the Hebrew term.

Permanent anchor: #term-anaq

אֵמִים

Giants & Nephilim

Emim

Transliteration: emim

Core Meaning: Emim; ancient people
Selected KJV Passages: Deuteronomy 2:10-11
Language & Context: Described as a people great, many, and tall like the Anakim; the Moabites called them Emim, and the text relates them to the Rephaim classification.
Study Caution: Use the immediate sentence, grammar, and wider biblical usage to determine the intended sense; an English gloss does not exhaust the Hebrew term.

Permanent anchor: #term-emim

זַמְזֻמִּים

Giants & Nephilim

Zamzummim

Transliteration: zamzummim

Core Meaning: Zamzummim; ancient people
Selected KJV Passages: Deuteronomy 2:20-21
Language & Context: An Ammonite name for a people counted as Rephaim, described as great, many, and tall like the Anakim.
Study Caution: Use the immediate sentence, grammar, and wider biblical usage to determine the intended sense; an English gloss does not exhaust the Hebrew term.

Permanent anchor: #term-zamzummim

רָפָה

Giants & Nephilim

Rapha

Transliteration: rapha

Core Meaning: Rapha; ancestral/name form
Selected KJV Passages: 2 Samuel 21:16-22; 1 Chronicles 20:4-8
Language & Context: Appears in formulas translated in the KJV as “born to the giant.” The exact relationship between the proper-name form and Rephaim terminology requires contextual care.
Study Caution: Use the immediate sentence, grammar, and wider biblical usage to determine the intended sense; an English gloss does not exhaust the Hebrew term.

Permanent anchor: #term-rapha

עוֹג

Giants & Nephilim

Og

Transliteration: og

Core Meaning: Og, king of Bashan
Selected KJV Passages: Deuteronomy 3:11; Joshua 12:4; Joshua 13:12
Language & Context: Og is explicitly called a remnant of the Rephaim. Deuteronomy preserves the dimensions of his bedstead as part of his remembered description.
Study Caution: Use the immediate sentence, grammar, and wider biblical usage to determine the intended sense; an English gloss does not exhaust the Hebrew term.

Permanent anchor: #term-og

אַרְבַּע

Giants & Nephilim

Arba

Transliteration: arba

Core Meaning: Arba; associated with Anak
Selected KJV Passages: Joshua 14:15; Joshua 15:13
Language & Context: Arba is associated with Kiriath-arba/Hebron and identified as a great man among the Anakim in the Joshua narrative.
Study Caution: Use the immediate sentence, grammar, and wider biblical usage to determine the intended sense; an English gloss does not exhaust the Hebrew term.

Permanent anchor: #term-arba

גָּלְיָת

Giants & Nephilim

Goliath

Transliteration: golyat

Core Meaning: Goliath of Gath
Selected KJV Passages: 1 Samuel 17:4; 1 Samuel 17:23; 2 Samuel 21:19
Language & Context: The Philistine champion from Gath. His recorded height and the textual history of that measurement are separate questions from the lexical meaning of his name.
Study Caution: Use the immediate sentence, grammar, and wider biblical usage to determine the intended sense; an English gloss does not exhaust the Hebrew term.

Permanent anchor: #term-golyat

אִישׁ הַבֵּנַיִם

Giants & Nephilim

Ish ha-Benayim

Transliteration: ish habenayim

Core Meaning: champion; man of the space between
Selected KJV Passages: 1 Samuel 17:4; 1 Samuel 17:23
Language & Context: The distinctive expression applied to Goliath, rendered “champion” in the KJV. It depicts the warrior who stands between opposing battle lines for single combat.
Study Caution: Use the immediate sentence, grammar, and wider biblical usage to determine the intended sense; an English gloss does not exhaust the Hebrew term.

Permanent anchor: #term-ish-habbenayim

קוֹמָה

Giants & Nephilim

Qomah

Transliteration: qomah

Core Meaning: height, stature
Selected KJV Passages: 1 Samuel 16:7; 1 Samuel 17:4; Song of Solomon 7:7
Language & Context: A normal Hebrew term for height or stature. It is important in giant studies because biblical descriptions of unusual size sometimes use ordinary measurement vocabulary rather than a special “giant” word.
Study Caution: Use the immediate sentence, grammar, and wider biblical usage to determine the intended sense; an English gloss does not exhaust the Hebrew term.

Permanent anchor: #term-qomah

אַמָּה

Giants & Nephilim

Ammah

Transliteration: ammah

Core Meaning: cubit, forearm measure
Selected KJV Passages: Genesis 6:15; Deuteronomy 3:11; 1 Samuel 17:4
Language & Context: A standard ancient unit based on the forearm. Converting cubits into modern units requires stating which cubit standard is being assumed.
Study Caution: Use the immediate sentence, grammar, and wider biblical usage to determine the intended sense; an English gloss does not exhaust the Hebrew term.

Permanent anchor: #term-ammah

זֶרֶת

Giants & Nephilim

Zeret

Transliteration: zeret

Core Meaning: span
Selected KJV Passages: Exodus 28:16; 1 Samuel 17:4
Language & Context: A hand-span measure. It appears in the traditional Hebrew measurement of Goliath as “six cubits and a span.”
Study Caution: Use the immediate sentence, grammar, and wider biblical usage to determine the intended sense; an English gloss does not exhaust the Hebrew term.

Permanent anchor: #term-zeret

⚑Hebrew Research RuleA root may suggest a family of ideas, but the meaning of a word in a specific verse is established by grammar and context. The museum therefore records etymology as evidence, not as a shortcut around the text.

Collection II

Greek Terms

Koine Greek is the principal language of the New Testament. This expanded collection follows important vocabulary across the Gospels, Acts, Epistles, and Revelation, preserving the original Greek, transliteration, selected KJV anchors, semantic range, and interpretive cautions.

How to read this collectionEach entry presents the Greek spelling, transliteration, a click-to-hear pronunciation control, core lexical sense, representative KJV passages, and a museum note. Context and grammar remain the controlling guides.

Logos Pistis Charis Christos Pneuma Ekklēsia Anastasis Revelation Terms

Feature	What it means for the visitor
Inflected language	Case, number, gender, tense, voice, and mood can carry information that is not visible in a simple English gloss.
Semantic range	A Greek word may have several legitimate senses. The sentence and author determine which sense is active.
Septuagint background	New Testament writers often use vocabulary already shaped by the ancient Greek translation of the Old Testament.
Translation caution	Words that look familiar in English may have changed meaning over time; the Greek usage must be examined independently.

Core New Testament Vocabulary

λόγος

Core New Testament Vocabulary

Logos

Transliteration: logos

Core Meaning: word, message, account, reason.
Selected KJV Passages: John 1:1, 14; Hebrews 4:12
Language & Context: The Greek term must be read in its sentence and literary setting. Its semantic range may be broader than a single English equivalent.
Museum Note: Translation, grammar, and context are kept distinct from later theological interpretation so visitors can see what the underlying word contributes to the passage.

Permanent anchor: #term-logos

ῥῆμα

Core New Testament Vocabulary

Rhēma

Transliteration: rhēma

Core Meaning: word, saying, utterance.
Selected KJV Passages: Matthew 4:4; Luke 1:38
Language & Context: The Greek term must be read in its sentence and literary setting. Its semantic range may be broader than a single English equivalent.
Museum Note: Translation, grammar, and context are kept distinct from later theological interpretation so visitors can see what the underlying word contributes to the passage.

Permanent anchor: #term-rhema

γραφή

Core New Testament Vocabulary

Graphē

Transliteration: graphē

Core Meaning: writing, Scripture.
Selected KJV Passages: 2 Timothy 3:16; John 10:35
Language & Context: The Greek term must be read in its sentence and literary setting. Its semantic range may be broader than a single English equivalent.
Museum Note: Translation, grammar, and context are kept distinct from later theological interpretation so visitors can see what the underlying word contributes to the passage.

Permanent anchor: #term-graphe

εὐαγγέλιον

Core New Testament Vocabulary

Euangelion

Transliteration: euangelion

Core Meaning: good news, gospel.
Selected KJV Passages: Mark 1:1; Romans 1:16
Language & Context: The Greek term must be read in its sentence and literary setting. Its semantic range may be broader than a single English equivalent.
Museum Note: Translation, grammar, and context are kept distinct from later theological interpretation so visitors can see what the underlying word contributes to the passage.

Permanent anchor: #term-euangelion

πίστις

Core New Testament Vocabulary

Pistis

Transliteration: pistis

Core Meaning: faith, faithfulness.
Selected KJV Passages: Romans 1:17; Hebrews 11:1
Language & Context: The Greek term must be read in its sentence and literary setting. Its semantic range may be broader than a single English equivalent.
Museum Note: Translation, grammar, and context are kept distinct from later theological interpretation so visitors can see what the underlying word contributes to the passage.

Permanent anchor: #term-pistis

χάρις

Core New Testament Vocabulary

Charis

Transliteration: charis

Core Meaning: grace, favor, gracious gift.
Selected KJV Passages: John 1:17; Ephesians 2:8
Language & Context: The Greek term must be read in its sentence and literary setting. Its semantic range may be broader than a single English equivalent.
Museum Note: Translation, grammar, and context are kept distinct from later theological interpretation so visitors can see what the underlying word contributes to the passage.

Permanent anchor: #term-charis

ἀγάπη

Core New Testament Vocabulary

Agapē

Transliteration: agapē

Core Meaning: love.
Selected KJV Passages: John 13:35; 1 Corinthians 13:1-13
Language & Context: The Greek term must be read in its sentence and literary setting. Its semantic range may be broader than a single English equivalent.
Museum Note: Translation, grammar, and context are kept distinct from later theological interpretation so visitors can see what the underlying word contributes to the passage.

Permanent anchor: #term-agape

ἀλήθεια

Core New Testament Vocabulary

Alētheia

Transliteration: alētheia

Core Meaning: truth, reality, faithfulness.
Selected KJV Passages: John 14:6; John 17:17
Language & Context: The Greek term must be read in its sentence and literary setting. Its semantic range may be broader than a single English equivalent.
Museum Note: Translation, grammar, and context are kept distinct from later theological interpretation so visitors can see what the underlying word contributes to the passage.

Permanent anchor: #term-aletheia

ζωή

Core New Testament Vocabulary

Zōē

Transliteration: zōē

Core Meaning: life.
Selected KJV Passages: John 1:4; John 3:16
Language & Context: The Greek term must be read in its sentence and literary setting. Its semantic range may be broader than a single English equivalent.
Museum Note: Translation, grammar, and context are kept distinct from later theological interpretation so visitors can see what the underlying word contributes to the passage.

Permanent anchor: #term-zoe

θάνατος

Core New Testament Vocabulary

Thanatos

Transliteration: thanatos

Core Meaning: death.
Selected KJV Passages: Romans 6:23; Revelation 21:4
Language & Context: The Greek term must be read in its sentence and literary setting. Its semantic range may be broader than a single English equivalent.
Museum Note: Translation, grammar, and context are kept distinct from later theological interpretation so visitors can see what the underlying word contributes to the passage.

Permanent anchor: #term-thanatos

God, Christ & Salvation

θεός

God, Christ & Salvation

Theos

Transliteration: theos

Core Meaning: God, god.
Selected KJV Passages: John 1:1; Acts 14:11
Language & Context: The Greek term must be read in its sentence and literary setting. Its semantic range may be broader than a single English equivalent.
Museum Note: Translation, grammar, and context are kept distinct from later theological interpretation so visitors can see what the underlying word contributes to the passage.

Permanent anchor: #term-theos

κύριος

God, Christ & Salvation

Kyrios

Transliteration: kyrios

Core Meaning: Lord, master, owner.
Selected KJV Passages: Luke 2:11; Romans 10:9
Language & Context: The Greek term must be read in its sentence and literary setting. Its semantic range may be broader than a single English equivalent.
Museum Note: Translation, grammar, and context are kept distinct from later theological interpretation so visitors can see what the underlying word contributes to the passage.

Permanent anchor: #term-kyrios

Χριστός

God, Christ & Salvation

Christos

Transliteration: christos

Core Meaning: Christ, Anointed One.
Selected KJV Passages: Matthew 16:16; John 20:31
Language & Context: The Greek term must be read in its sentence and literary setting. Its semantic range may be broader than a single English equivalent.
Museum Note: Translation, grammar, and context are kept distinct from later theological interpretation so visitors can see what the underlying word contributes to the passage.

Permanent anchor: #term-christos

Ἰησοῦς

God, Christ & Salvation

Iēsous

Transliteration: Iēsous

Core Meaning: Jesus, Greek form of the name.
Selected KJV Passages: Matthew 1:21; Acts 4:12
Language & Context: The Greek term must be read in its sentence and literary setting. Its semantic range may be broader than a single English equivalent.
Museum Note: Translation, grammar, and context are kept distinct from later theological interpretation so visitors can see what the underlying word contributes to the passage.

Permanent anchor: #term-iesous

σωτήρ

God, Christ & Salvation

Sōtēr

Transliteration: sōtēr

Core Meaning: savior, deliverer.
Selected KJV Passages: Luke 2:11; Titus 2:13
Language & Context: The Greek term must be read in its sentence and literary setting. Its semantic range may be broader than a single English equivalent.
Museum Note: Translation, grammar, and context are kept distinct from later theological interpretation so visitors can see what the underlying word contributes to the passage.

Permanent anchor: #term-soter

σωτηρία

God, Christ & Salvation

Sōtēria

Transliteration: sōtēria

Core Meaning: salvation, deliverance.
Selected KJV Passages: Luke 19:9; Acts 4:12
Language & Context: The Greek term must be read in its sentence and literary setting. Its semantic range may be broader than a single English equivalent.
Museum Note: Translation, grammar, and context are kept distinct from later theological interpretation so visitors can see what the underlying word contributes to the passage.

Permanent anchor: #term-soteria

δικαιοσύνη

God, Christ & Salvation

Dikaiosynē

Transliteration: dikaiosynē

Core Meaning: righteousness, justice.
Selected KJV Passages: Matthew 5:6; Romans 3:22
Language & Context: The Greek term must be read in its sentence and literary setting. Its semantic range may be broader than a single English equivalent.
Museum Note: Translation, grammar, and context are kept distinct from later theological interpretation so visitors can see what the underlying word contributes to the passage.

Permanent anchor: #term-dikaiosyne

δικαιόω

God, Christ & Salvation

Dikaioō

Transliteration: dikaioō

Core Meaning: justify, declare righteous.
Selected KJV Passages: Romans 3:28; Galatians 2:16
Language & Context: The Greek term must be read in its sentence and literary setting. Its semantic range may be broader than a single English equivalent.
Museum Note: Translation, grammar, and context are kept distinct from later theological interpretation so visitors can see what the underlying word contributes to the passage.

Permanent anchor: #term-dikaioo

ἱλαστήριον

God, Christ & Salvation

Hilastērion

Transliteration: hilastērion

Core Meaning: atoning place / propitiatory.
Selected KJV Passages: Romans 3:25; Hebrews 9:5
Language & Context: The Greek term must be read in its sentence and literary setting. Its semantic range may be broader than a single English equivalent.
Museum Note: Translation, grammar, and context are kept distinct from later theological interpretation so visitors can see what the underlying word contributes to the passage.

Permanent anchor: #term-hilasterion

ἀπολύτρωσις

God, Christ & Salvation

Apolutrōsis

Transliteration: apolytrōsis

Core Meaning: redemption, release.
Selected KJV Passages: Romans 3:24; Ephesians 1:7
Language & Context: The Greek term must be read in its sentence and literary setting. Its semantic range may be broader than a single English equivalent.
Museum Note: Translation, grammar, and context are kept distinct from later theological interpretation so visitors can see what the underlying word contributes to the passage.

Permanent anchor: #term-apolytrosis

Humanity, Sin & Discipleship

ἁμαρτία

Humanity, Sin & Discipleship

Hamartia

Transliteration: hamartia

Core Meaning: sin.
Selected KJV Passages: Matthew 1:21; Romans 3:9
Language & Context: The Greek term must be read in its sentence and literary setting. Its semantic range may be broader than a single English equivalent.
Museum Note: Translation, grammar, and context are kept distinct from later theological interpretation so visitors can see what the underlying word contributes to the passage.

Permanent anchor: #term-hamartia

μετάνοια

Humanity, Sin & Discipleship

Metanoia

Transliteration: metanoia

Core Meaning: repentance, change of mind.
Selected KJV Passages: Matthew 3:8; Acts 20:21
Language & Context: The Greek term must be read in its sentence and literary setting. Its semantic range may be broader than a single English equivalent.
Museum Note: Translation, grammar, and context are kept distinct from later theological interpretation so visitors can see what the underlying word contributes to the passage.

Permanent anchor: #term-metanoia

μετανοέω

Humanity, Sin & Discipleship

Metanoeō

Transliteration: metanoeō

Core Meaning: repent.
Selected KJV Passages: Matthew 4:17; Revelation 2:5
Language & Context: The Greek term must be read in its sentence and literary setting. Its semantic range may be broader than a single English equivalent.
Museum Note: Translation, grammar, and context are kept distinct from later theological interpretation so visitors can see what the underlying word contributes to the passage.

Permanent anchor: #term-metanoeo

σάρξ

Humanity, Sin & Discipleship

Sarx

Transliteration: sarx

Core Meaning: flesh.
Selected KJV Passages: John 1:14; Romans 8:5
Language & Context: The Greek term must be read in its sentence and literary setting. Its semantic range may be broader than a single English equivalent.
Museum Note: Translation, grammar, and context are kept distinct from later theological interpretation so visitors can see what the underlying word contributes to the passage.

Permanent anchor: #term-sarx

ψυχή

Humanity, Sin & Discipleship

Psychē

Transliteration: psychē

Core Meaning: life, self, soul.
Selected KJV Passages: Matthew 16:25; Acts 2:41
Language & Context: The Greek term must be read in its sentence and literary setting. Its semantic range may be broader than a single English equivalent.
Museum Note: Translation, grammar, and context are kept distinct from later theological interpretation so visitors can see what the underlying word contributes to the passage.

Permanent anchor: #term-psyche

πνεῦμα

Humanity, Sin & Discipleship

Pneuma

Transliteration: pneuma

Core Meaning: spirit, wind, breath.
Selected KJV Passages: John 3:8; Romans 8:16
Language & Context: The Greek term must be read in its sentence and literary setting. Its semantic range may be broader than a single English equivalent.
Museum Note: Translation, grammar, and context are kept distinct from later theological interpretation so visitors can see what the underlying word contributes to the passage.

Permanent anchor: #term-pneuma

καρδία

Humanity, Sin & Discipleship

Kardia

Transliteration: kardia

Core Meaning: heart, inner person.
Selected KJV Passages: Matthew 5:8; Romans 10:10
Language & Context: The Greek term must be read in its sentence and literary setting. Its semantic range may be broader than a single English equivalent.
Museum Note: Translation, grammar, and context are kept distinct from later theological interpretation so visitors can see what the underlying word contributes to the passage.

Permanent anchor: #term-kardia

μαθητής

Humanity, Sin & Discipleship

Mathētēs

Transliteration: mathētēs

Core Meaning: disciple, learner.
Selected KJV Passages: Matthew 10:24; Acts 11:26
Language & Context: The Greek term must be read in its sentence and literary setting. Its semantic range may be broader than a single English equivalent.
Museum Note: Translation, grammar, and context are kept distinct from later theological interpretation so visitors can see what the underlying word contributes to the passage.

Permanent anchor: #term-mathetes

ἐκκλησία

Humanity, Sin & Discipleship

Ekklēsia

Transliteration: ekklēsia

Core Meaning: assembly, congregation, church.
Selected KJV Passages: Matthew 16:18; Acts 8:1
Language & Context: The Greek term must be read in its sentence and literary setting. Its semantic range may be broader than a single English equivalent.
Museum Note: Translation, grammar, and context are kept distinct from later theological interpretation so visitors can see what the underlying word contributes to the passage.

Permanent anchor: #term-ekklesia

κοινωνία

Humanity, Sin & Discipleship

Koinōnia

Transliteration: koinōnia

Core Meaning: fellowship, sharing, participation.
Selected KJV Passages: Acts 2:42; 1 John 1:3
Language & Context: The Greek term must be read in its sentence and literary setting. Its semantic range may be broader than a single English equivalent.
Museum Note: Translation, grammar, and context are kept distinct from later theological interpretation so visitors can see what the underlying word contributes to the passage.

Permanent anchor: #term-koinonia

Kingdom, Covenant & Worship

βασιλεία

Kingdom, Covenant & Worship

Basileia

Transliteration: basileia

Core Meaning: kingdom, reign, royal rule.
Selected KJV Passages: Matthew 4:17; Revelation 11:15
Language & Context: The Greek term must be read in its sentence and literary setting. Its semantic range may be broader than a single English equivalent.
Museum Note: Translation, grammar, and context are kept distinct from later theological interpretation so visitors can see what the underlying word contributes to the passage.

Permanent anchor: #term-basileia

διαθήκη

Kingdom, Covenant & Worship

Diathēkē

Transliteration: diathēkē

Core Meaning: covenant, testament.
Selected KJV Passages: Luke 22:20; Hebrews 9:15
Language & Context: The Greek term must be read in its sentence and literary setting. Its semantic range may be broader than a single English equivalent.
Museum Note: Translation, grammar, and context are kept distinct from later theological interpretation so visitors can see what the underlying word contributes to the passage.

Permanent anchor: #term-diatheke

νόμος

Kingdom, Covenant & Worship

Nomos

Transliteration: nomos

Core Meaning: law, principle.
Selected KJV Passages: Matthew 5:17; Romans 7:12
Language & Context: The Greek term must be read in its sentence and literary setting. Its semantic range may be broader than a single English equivalent.
Museum Note: Translation, grammar, and context are kept distinct from later theological interpretation so visitors can see what the underlying word contributes to the passage.

Permanent anchor: #term-nomos

ἐντολή

Kingdom, Covenant & Worship

Entolē

Transliteration: entolē

Core Meaning: commandment, command.
Selected KJV Passages: John 13:34; 1 John 5:3
Language & Context: The Greek term must be read in its sentence and literary setting. Its semantic range may be broader than a single English equivalent.
Museum Note: Translation, grammar, and context are kept distinct from later theological interpretation so visitors can see what the underlying word contributes to the passage.

Permanent anchor: #term-entole

λατρεία

Kingdom, Covenant & Worship

Latreia

Transliteration: latreia

Core Meaning: service, worship.
Selected KJV Passages: Romans 9:4; Hebrews 9:1
Language & Context: The Greek term must be read in its sentence and literary setting. Its semantic range may be broader than a single English equivalent.
Museum Note: Translation, grammar, and context are kept distinct from later theological interpretation so visitors can see what the underlying word contributes to the passage.

Permanent anchor: #term-latreia

προσκυνέω

Kingdom, Covenant & Worship

Proskyneō

Transliteration: proskyneō

Core Meaning: worship, bow down.
Selected KJV Passages: Matthew 4:10; Revelation 22:9
Language & Context: The Greek term must be read in its sentence and literary setting. Its semantic range may be broader than a single English equivalent.
Museum Note: Translation, grammar, and context are kept distinct from later theological interpretation so visitors can see what the underlying word contributes to the passage.

Permanent anchor: #term-proskyneo

ἅγιος

Kingdom, Covenant & Worship

Hagios

Transliteration: hagios

Core Meaning: holy, set apart; saint.
Selected KJV Passages: 1 Peter 1:15; Revelation 14:12
Language & Context: The Greek term must be read in its sentence and literary setting. Its semantic range may be broader than a single English equivalent.
Museum Note: Translation, grammar, and context are kept distinct from later theological interpretation so visitors can see what the underlying word contributes to the passage.

Permanent anchor: #term-hagios

δόξα

Kingdom, Covenant & Worship

Doxa

Transliteration: doxa

Core Meaning: glory, honor, splendor.
Selected KJV Passages: John 1:14; Revelation 5:13
Language & Context: The Greek term must be read in its sentence and literary setting. Its semantic range may be broader than a single English equivalent.
Museum Note: Translation, grammar, and context are kept distinct from later theological interpretation so visitors can see what the underlying word contributes to the passage.

Permanent anchor: #term-doxa

ἀμήν

Kingdom, Covenant & Worship

Amēn

Transliteration: amēn

Core Meaning: truly, surely, amen.
Selected KJV Passages: Matthew 5:18; Revelation 22:20
Language & Context: The Greek term must be read in its sentence and literary setting. Its semantic range may be broader than a single English equivalent.
Museum Note: Translation, grammar, and context are kept distinct from later theological interpretation so visitors can see what the underlying word contributes to the passage.

Permanent anchor: #term-amen

μυστήριον

Kingdom, Covenant & Worship

Mystērion

Transliteration: mystērion

Core Meaning: mystery, revealed secret.
Selected KJV Passages: Romans 16:25; Revelation 10:7
Language & Context: The Greek term must be read in its sentence and literary setting. Its semantic range may be broader than a single English equivalent.
Museum Note: Translation, grammar, and context are kept distinct from later theological interpretation so visitors can see what the underlying word contributes to the passage.

Permanent anchor: #term-mysterion