As Jesus hung upon the cross, the Gospel writers record a remarkable succession of signs surrounding His death. From about the sixth hour until the ninth hour, darkness came over the land. At the moment Jesus yielded up the ghost, Matthew records that the veil of the Temple was rent in two from the top to the bottom, the earth quaked, the rocks were rent, and graves were opened. Matthew then states that many bodies of the saints which slept arose and, after Christ's resurrection, entered the holy city and appeared unto many.
The signs were witnessed in a public setting. Matthew records that the centurion and those with him, after seeing the earthquake and the things that were done, feared greatly and declared, “Truly this was the Son of God.” Mark likewise records the centurion's confession, while Luke records both the darkness and the Temple veil being rent and says the centurion glorified God. Together the accounts place darkness, the torn veil, earthquake, opened graves and the reaction of the Roman guard around the death of Jesus.
“And, behold, the veil of the temple was rent in twain from the top to the bottom; and the earth did quake, and the rocks rent;”
Matthew 27:51 · KJV
“And the sun was darkened, and the veil of the temple was rent in the midst.”
Luke 23:45 · KJV
The Veil of the TempleJosephus describes the Jerusalem Temple as containing monumental veils and calls the great sanctuary curtain a Babylonian tapestry woven in blue, fine linen, scarlet and purple. He also describes the innermost portion of the Temple as separated by a veil and called the Holy of Holies. Against that first-century Temple setting, the Gospel statement that the veil was rent “from the top to the bottom” presents one of the most visually striking signs associated with the Crucifixion.
Darkness Over the LandMatthew and Mark place the darkness from the sixth hour until the ninth hour, approximately noon to 3 PM by conventional reckoning. Luke likewise records darkness and says that the sun was darkened. The Gospel text describes darkness; it does not specifically describe lightning at the cross, so any lightning shown in later artwork belongs to artistic interpretation rather than the stated biblical record.
The Earthquake, Rocks and Opened GravesMatthew joins the tearing of the veil to an earthquake powerful enough that “the rocks rent.” He then records opened graves and the extraordinary appearance of resurrected saints in the holy city after Christ's resurrection. These details make the Crucifixion account a sequence of extraordinary signs rather than a single isolated event.
| Sign | Gospel Record | What the Text Describes |
| Darkness | Matthew 27:45; Mark 15:33; Luke 23:44-45 | Darkness from the sixth hour to the ninth hour. |
| Temple veil rent | Matthew 27:51; Mark 15:38; Luke 23:45 | The Temple veil torn in two; Matthew and Mark specify from top to bottom. |
| Earthquake and rocks | Matthew 27:51 | The earth quaked and the rocks were rent. |
| Opened graves | Matthew 27:52-53 | Graves opened; many saints arose and later appeared in Jerusalem. |
| Roman witnesses | Matthew 27:54; Mark 15:39; Luke 23:47 | The centurion responds to what he witnessed at Jesus' death. |
◐Darkness
Sixth hour to ninth hour
▥Torn Veil
Rent from top to bottom
⌁Earthquake
Earth quaked and rocks rent